老年心理护理在加强老年保健中的作用

in partnership with the American Hospital Association and Catholic Health Association. The initiative has developed an evidence-based framework for systems to reliably provide high-quality care to older adults, which includes the core components “What Matters,” “Mobility,” “Medications,” and “Mentation,” also known as the 4Ms (IHI, 2020). Although each component has its own set of actions and criteria for evaluation, the components are deeply intertwined and intended to complement each other. The AFHS Initiative is working to build capacity in U.S. health care institutions to better serve the needs of older adults. They achieve this goal by getting health care institutions to commit to quality improvement endeavors aimed at implementing the 4Ms in their systems. IHI and their partners provide training and community-building, and institutions can receive recognition for being an AFHS, with different levels of recognition depending on their level of engagement and commitment. More than 2,000 health care organizations across the United States have been recognized as AFHS to date (IHI, 2022).

The subspeciality of geropsychiatric nursing is well-positioned to advance the integration of mental health needs of older adults in health care settings. Geropsychiatric advance practice RNs (APRNs) possess expert knowledge of disorders that affect mental health and cognition, such as dementia, delirium, and depression, common syndromes that affect a large number of older adults across health care settings. Thus, geropsychiatric APRNs can serve as leaders for designing innovative ways to implement the 4Ms model, particularly in the area of mentation. The mentation component focuses on assessing and addressing three main conditions—dementia, delirium, and depression—across inpatient and outpatient health care settings. Examples of geropsychiatric APRN efforts include the early detection of delirium (Yevchak Sillner et al., 2020), delivery of individualized care to manage behavioral symptoms in persons with dementia (Massimo Bell Evans, 2014), and nonpharmaco-logical interventions for late-life depression (Wright, 2018).

It is our position that geriatric mental health care is a critical component of care models across all health settings and therefore is essential to integrate in the AFHS movement. Geropsychiatric APRNs can lead the effort of putting principles of geriatric mental health care in to practice, yet there a barriers to meeting the demands of the comprehensive health care needs of older adults, such as lack of formal training for geropsychiatric nursing (Harris et al., 2021). Although geropsychiatric nursing special interest groups and organizations, such as the Geropsychiatric Nursing Collaborative (Stephens et al., 2020) and Gerontological Advanced Practice Nurses Association (Harris et al., 2021), advocate for advancing behavioral health education and specialty training to develop the geropsychiatric nursing workforce, infusing principles of mental health care throughout nursing curricula will be important to meet the population demands of AFHS that incorporate high-quality mental health practices. Integrating geropsychiatric APRNs within the age-friendly movement is critical to enhancing the good work that currently exists. True comprehensive age-friendly care models cannot exist without careful consideration of behavioral and mental health care for older adults. We strongly encourage geropsychiatric nurses to actively participate in the age-friendly movement by joining the AFHS community.

概要翻译成（仅供参考）

在美国政府，到 2050 年，低收入人的数量预计将从今天的 5000 万增长到超过 8000 万（美国政府人均收入普查局，2018 年）。低收入人是医疗卫生服务的频繁使用者——尽管 65 岁以上的成年人占人均收入的 16%，但他们占所有住院治疗的 37% 和所有初级医疗求诊的 32%（医疗卫生研究和运动速度私人机构，2022 年；Santo ＆Okeyode，2018）。

低收入人特别容易受到良知健康形如况和本质转变的因素——例如痴呆、中毒者和抑郁——这会给眼疾变和医疗人员带来前所未有的痛苦。年龄是阿尔茨海默眼疾和相关脑中风的第二大几率原因，现阶段因素超过 600 万低收入人（阿尔茨海默眼疾Association，2021 年）。中毒者在住院的低收入人中会很常见，很低达 53% 的低收入眼疾变术后显现中毒者，87% 的低收入眼疾变在重症监护室（Inouye，2006 年）。每年多达六分之一的低收入人会显现临床上显着的强迫症形如，而丧亲、残疾和感觉夺去等重大事件可能会增加患强迫症的几率（Kok Bell Reynolds, 2017）。很多时候，对于经历这些症形如和其他心理健康和本质障碍的低收入人的医疗假定差距，接受过低收入眼疾学或阿德勒医疗志愿的之外者太少，更不用说两者了。此外，我们的医疗卫生系统并非围绕低收入人的效益而建筑设计，使低收入人面临连带重大事件、漏诊以及失去为眼疾变和医疗人员之外治疗和支持的更进一步的几率（Fulmer 等人，2021 年）。

低收入友好型卫生系统 (AFHS) 倡议将要努力应对低收入人医疗之外的差距。该倡议始于 2017 年，是约翰 A. 哈特福德基金会和医疗卫生修改研究所 (IHI) 与美国政府医院Association和新教健康Association合作开发开展的一项合作开发。该倡议为有用地为低收入人之外很低运动速度医疗的系统开发了一个循证构建，其中会之外核心部件“关键性法律条文”、“相对来说”、“药物”和“心理”，也被称作 4M ( IHI, 2020）。尽管每个组成均都有自己的一套地面部队和审核准则，但这些组成均是紧密交织在一起的，目的相互必需。AFHS 倡议将要努力建设工程美国政府医疗卫生私人机构的能力，以不太好地满足低收入人的效益。他们通过让医疗卫生私人机构致力于运动速度修改指导来实现这一目标，目的在其系统中会出台 4M。IHI 及其合作开发伙伴之外志愿和社区建设工程，私人机构可以作为 AFHS 获得认定，根据他们的加入和承诺程度，获得不尽相同程度的认定。纵观，美国政府才有 2,000 多家医疗卫生组织被应属为 AFHS（IHI，2022 年）。

低收入良知眼疾医疗的亚专科可以不太好地促进低收入人心理健康效益在医疗卫生环境中会的整合。低收入阿德勒很低级在实践中 RN (APRN) 仅有因素心理健康和本质的疾眼疾的知识，例如痴呆、中毒者和强迫症，这些常见综合征会因素整个医疗卫生私人机构中会的大量低收入人。因此，低收入阿德勒 APRN 可以作为建筑设计创新方法来出台 4Ms 模型的领袖，尤其心理应用。心理治疗均侧重于审核和应对住院和门诊医疗卫生环境中会的三种主要疾眼疾——痴呆、中毒者和抑郁。低收入阿德勒 APRN 指导的例子之外中毒者的现代注意到（Yevchak Sillner 等人，2020 年），之外个性化医疗以管理脑中风眼疾变的犯罪行为症形如（Massimo 和 Evans，2014 年），以及针对深居简出强迫症的非药物干预（Wright，2018 年）。

我们的观点是，低收入良知卫生医疗是所有卫生环境中会医疗模式的关键性组成均，因此对于融入 AFHS 运动至关关键性。低收入良知眼疾 APRN 可以引领将低收入良知卫生医疗原则付诸在实践中的努力，但在满足低收入人综合医疗效益之外假定障碍，例如依赖低收入良知眼疾医疗的在此之前志愿（Harris et al. , 2021 年)。尽管低收入良知眼疾医疗相同天分团体和组织，例如低收入良知眼疾医疗协作组织 ( Stephens et al., 2020 ) 和低收入学很低级在实践中医护Association ( Harris et al., 2021))，倡议推进犯罪行为健康教育和专业志愿以发展低收入良知眼疾医疗人员，在整个医疗课程中会注入良知卫生医疗原则对于满足归入很低运动速度良知卫生在实践中的 AFHS 的人均收入效益十分关键性。将低收入阿德勒 APRN 归入关爱老者运动对于加强也就是说假定的良好指导至关关键性。如果不仔细考虑低收入人的犯罪行为和心理健康医疗，就不可能假定其实年初的关爱老者医疗模式。我们浓烈鼓励低收入良知眼疾医护加入 AFHS 社区，积极加入关爱老者的运动。

THE

END

连系我们：nursingsci@163.com

本文转载自其他的网站，不代表健康界看法和观点。如有主旨和图片的侵权行为异议，请及时连系我们（邮箱：guikequan@hmkx.cn）

。

眼睛除皱
保护眼睛有什么方法
血栓
看病人买什么营养品比较好
寿星补汁多少天为一疗程
减肥药
急支糖浆有什么作用
夜间咳嗽厉害怎么止咳快
急支糖浆止咳最多吃几天？
中医频道